PEN Report Faults FDA Regulation of Nanotechnology-Based Dietary Supplements

On January 14, 2009, the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN) released a report entitled A Hard Pill To Swallow: Barriers to Effective FDA Regulation of Nanotechnology-Based Dietary Supplements, which describes problems at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regulating nano-enabled dietary supplements and offers recommendations for improving oversight. According to the report, FDA’s ability to regulate the safety of such dietary supplements “is severely limited by lack of information, lack of resources and the agency’s lack of statutory authority in certain critical areas.” The authors note that, under current law, supplement manufacturers must disclose only limited information about their products, and the information available is the result of manufacturers promoting their use of nanotechnology when marketing their products. PEN states that, according to its inventory of federal environmental, health, and safety research on nanotechnology, the U.S. government provides less than $1 million annually to study the direct impact of nanoscale materials on the gastrointestinal tract.

CDTSC Issues Data Call-In for Carbon Nanotubes

In a January 22, 2009, letter, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (CDTSC) announced that it is requiring the submission of data “regarding analytical test methods, fate and transport in the environment, and other relevant information from manufacturers of carbon nanotubes” (CNT). CDTSC states that the term “manufacturers” includes persons and businesses that produce CNTs in California or import CNTs into California for sale.  According to the letter, CDTSC is using its authority under California Health and Safety Code, Chapter 699, Sections 57018-57020. Section 57019(d)(2) requires that the data requested be provided within one year of the date of the letter.

NNI Reauthorization Legislation Introduced In House Committee

On January 15, 2009, Representative Bart Gordon (D-TN), Chair of the House Science Committee, introduced the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Amendments Act of 2009 (H.R. 554). The bill is identical to H.R. 5940, which passed the House in the previous Congress with a 407-6 vote. The legislation would reauthorize the multi-agency research program that Congress established in 2003 through the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003 (Pub. Law 108-153). Under the Act, federal agencies would be required to develop a research plan and implementation strategy that specifies near- and long-term goals, sets milestones and time frames for meeting near-term goals, clarifies agencies’ roles in implementing the plan, and allocates sufficient resources to accomplish those goals. The bill would authorize funding for research in areas of national need, such as research to develop renewable energy and batteries that could store energy more efficiently, and would direct agencies to take steps to help private companies commercialize nanotechnology applications.

NGOs Call for Obama Administration to Establish Moratorium on Pesticidal Nanotechnology

According to a draft January 7, 2009, document, non-governmental organizations (NGO) such as Beyond Pesticides and the Pesticide Action Network for North America recommend that the Obama Administration take a number of immediate actions within its first 100 days, including establishing a moratorium on pesticidal nanotechnology. The NGOs call for the suspension of the registration of nanoproducts with pesticidal properties, and the removal of untested products from the market.  The NGOs urge the Obama Administration to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a clear testing protocol that identifies the full range of potential adverse health and environmental effects of nanoproducts with pesticidal properties. The NGOs cite the 60-day comment period on the International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA) petition as an acknowledgment by EPA of “the critical need for in-depth review of products utilizing nanotechnology pesticides.” ICTA petitioned EPA in May 2008 to regulate nanoscale silver products as pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

EPA Publishes NMSP Interim Report

On January 12, 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released
its interim report on the Nanoscale Materials Stewardship Program (NMSP), which is a
voluntary program that EPA established to assemble existing data and information from
manufacturers and processors of certain nanoscale materials. Under the Basic Program, EPA
invited participants to voluntarily report available information on the engineered nanoscale
materials they manufacture, import, process, or use. As of December 8, 2008, 29 companies or
associations submitted information to EPA covering 123 nanoscale materials and a further seven
companies have outstanding commitments to the Basic Program. Under the In-Depth Program,
EPA invited participants to work on a plan for the development of data on representative
nanoscale materials over a longer time frame. As of December 8, 2008, four companies have
agreed to participate. EPA states that, based on the current interim results, “the NMSP can be
considered successful.” EPA notes that a number of the environmental health and safety data
gaps still exist, however, and “EPA is considering how to best use testing and information
gathering authorities under the Toxic Substances Control Act [(TSCA)] to help address those
gaps.”

EPA Announces Receipt of CNT PMNs

In a January 5, 2009, Federal Register notice, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces receipt of several premanufacture notices (PMN) concerning multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Under Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), EPA requires any person who intends to manufacture (defined by statute to include import) a new chemical (i.e., a chemical not on the TSCA Inventory) to notify EPA and comply with the statutory provisions pertaining to the manufacture of new chemicals. According to the notice, EPA received the CNT PMNs on September 17, 2008, and the projected end date was December 15, 2008. The submitter name is claimed as confidential business information (CBI). Comments on the PMNs are due February 4, 2009.

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EPA Announces Receipt of Fullerene PMNs

In a December 12, 2008, Federal Register notice, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces receipt of several premanufacture notices (PMN) from Nano-C, Inc. concerning fullerenes. Under Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), EPA requires any person who intends to manufacture (defined by statute to include import) a new chemical (i.e., a chemical not on the TSCA Inventory) to notify EPA and comply with the statutory provisions pertaining to the manufacture of new chemicals. According to the notice, EPA received the fullerene PMNs on November 5, 2008, and the projected end date is February 2, 2009.  Comments on the PMNs are due January 12, 2009.

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EPA Announces Joint Research Partnership with UK Agencies Regarding the Behavior and Effects of Nanomaterials in the Environment

On December 29, 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that it is in the process of finalizing a major joint research effort with a number of United Kingdom (UK) agencies that is intended to develop and validate predictive tools and similar conceptual models that predict exposure, bioavailability, and effects of manufactured nanomaterials in the environment. The UK agencies include the Natural Environment Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, and Environment Agency.  According to EPA, the research partnership will include a joint call issued by all organizations involved and will incorporate a common review and evaluation process.  EPA states: “The intent is to form consortia of both UK and US investigators using combined but independent national funding arrangements.” EPA expects the solicitations to be issued in February 2009.